New Testament · Letter

Philippians 2

The Mind of Christ

The most important hymn in the New Testament. Christ emptied Himself, took the form of a servant, and went all the way to death.

Berean Standard Bible BSB KJV
Read the commentary What this chapter means, the background behind it, and why it still matters

Every verse here opens — tap a number for what that one means.

1Therefore if you have any encouragement in Christ, if any comfort from His love, if any fellowship with the Spirit, if any affection and compassion,

2then make my joy complete by being like-minded, having the same love, being united in spirit and purpose.

3Do nothing out of selfish ambition or empty pride, but in humility consider others more important than yourselves.

4Each of you should look not only to your own interests, but also to the interests of others.

5Let this mind be in you which was also in Christ Jesus:

6Who, existing in the form of God, did not consider equality with God something to be grasped,

7but emptied Himself, taking the form of a servant, being made in human likeness.

8And being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself and became obedient to death— even death on a cross.

9Therefore God exalted Him to the highest place and gave Him the name above all names,

10that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, in heaven and on earth and under the earth,

11and every tongue confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father.

12Therefore, my beloved, just as you have always obeyed, not only in my presence, but now even more in my absence, continue to work out your salvation with fear and trembling.

13For it is God who works in you to will and to act on behalf of His good purpose.

14Do everything without complaining or arguing,

15so that you may be blameless and pure, children of God without fault in a crooked and perverse generation, in which you shine as lights in the world

16as you hold forth the word of life, in order that I may boast on the day of Christ that I did not run or labor in vain.

17But even if I am being poured out like a drink offering on the sacrifice and service of your faith, I am glad and rejoice with all of you.

18So you too should be glad and rejoice with me.

19Now I hope in the Lord Jesus to send Timothy to you soon, that I also may be cheered when I learn how you are doing.

20I have nobody else like him who will genuinely care for your needs.

21For all the others look after their own interests, not those of Jesus Christ.

22But you know Timothy’s proven worth, that as a child with his father he has served with me to advance the gospel.

23So I hope to send him as soon as I see what happens with me.

24And I trust in the Lord that I myself will come soon.

25But I thought it necessary to send back to you Epaphroditus, my brother, fellow worker, and fellow soldier, who is also your messenger and minister to my needs.

26For he has been longing for all of you and is distressed because you heard he was ill.

27He was sick indeed, nearly unto death. But God had mercy on him, and not only on him but also on me, to spare me sorrow upon sorrow.

28Therefore I am all the more eager to send him, so that when you see him again you may rejoice, and I may be less anxious.

29Welcome him in the Lord with great joy, and honor men like him,

30because he nearly died for the work of Christ, risking his life to make up for your deficit of service to me.

Commentary

Philippians 2, explained

What Philippians 2 is saying

Paul appeals for unity through the lens of the Christ Hymn (vv. 6–11), a pre-Pauline or Pauline composition depicting Christ’s kenosis—self-emptying from divine morphe to the form of a servant, obedient to death on a cross, followed by cosmic exaltation. This christological foundation undergirds practical ethics: the Philippians are to work out their salvation with reverence, knowing God energizes both will and action. Paul then commends Timothy and Epaphroditus as embodiments of this self-emptying ethic.

The background behind it

The Christ Hymn (carmen Christi) has generated extensive scholarly debate regarding its origin, structure, and theology. Its language of morphe theou and morphe doulou draws on both Jewish Wisdom traditions and Hellenistic categories, reflecting Philippi’s mixed cultural milieu.

Themes running underneath

Kenosis is the theological center—Christ’s voluntary descent becomes the paradigm for Christian community. The tension between divine initiative (‘God works in you’) and human responsibility (‘work out your salvation’) reflects Paul’s characteristic both/and soteriology.

Why it still matters

The hymn redefines power as self-giving love rather than self-assertion. Christian leaders and communities are challenged to evaluate whether their structures reflect the cruciform pattern of Jesus or the status-seeking patterns of the surrounding culture.

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Scripture text: Berean Standard Bible — used by permission, Bible Hub.

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